Researching Social Media Publics for Practices- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theResearching Social Media Publics for Practices. Answer: The Researching of social media platforms, practices and publics is the use of tools and techniques for mining and examining data from social media networks and the internet. This entails the research on how the social media platforms (and the diverse cultures that generated them) come to a point where they propose the aspect of the social and the way users proceed to adopt it (Gillespie, 2010). Furthermore, it implies researching the way the language of social/media is creating ethical or normative apprehensions, how an effective ethics of social life via media can be fostered, and capturing the gaps from where the other suggestions of the social might be established (Dijck, 2014). Pew Research Centre Pew Research Centre is a website that is dedicated to informing the public on facts about the issues, attitudes, and developments that are influencing the United States and the world as a whole. It carries out polling opinions from the public, demographic research, analysis of media content and other experimental research in social science. This site makes use of online research methods such as quantitative methods namely: sample surveys, quantitative web content analysis, online natural experiments (Ackland, 2013). For instance, the report on The Fate of Online Trust in the Next Decade (Pew Research Centre, 2016) employed the use of online natural experiments on various experts about the level of peoples trust on online interactions. The site also conducts public opinion polls by use of sample surveys, whereby a subset of a population is selected, and data is collected and analyzed to represent the entire population. Media content analysis is conducted by use of quantitative web con tent analysis where texts are read, observed and labels assigned so that statistical estimates are derived, for example, the report by Aleksandra Sandstrom, God or the divine is referenced in every state constitution. Also, the site conducts empirical social science research by making use of the combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis. For instance, the use of literature review and experimental studies in the report The Future of the Internet III. Social Media Collective Research Blog The Social Media Collective is a network of researchers drawn from the fields of social science and humanistic scholars some of whom are interns, post doctorate, and guests. Some of these researchers are full-time and part time-based. The Microsoft research lab in both England and New York helps in the research as well. This blog aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of social-cultural that strengthen the social media tools through the use of various methodologies across different areas of study. The blog uses both quantitative and qualitative methods of research. For instance, the Microsoft research laboratory in New York and New England uses online lab experiments (Ackland, 2013, p.40) to conduct research; quantitative web content analysis is also evident in the analysis of the publication of Meryl Alper Giving Voice(Microsoft Research, 2016). Qualitative web content analysis methods are also employed in the blog by Jessa Lingel on Information wants to be free-b ut do we want it to be leaky? in the report, many web texts are analyzed in the discussion of the topic. References Van Dijck, J., 2013.The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford:Oxford University Press.pp. 24-44. Gillespie, T., 2010. The politics of platforms.New Media Society,12(3), pp.347-364. Ackland, R., 2013.Web social science: Concepts, data and tools for social scientists in the digital age. London: Sage Publications. Pp. 21-47 Pew Research Centre 2016, Pew Research Centre [home], Pew Research Centre, viewed 22 August 2017, https://www.pewinternet.org/ Microsoft Research 2016, Social Media Collective [home], Social Media Collective, viewed 22 August 2017, https://socialmediacollective.org/about/

What Techniques Does Shakespeare Use to Create Dramatic Tension in This Scene free essay sample

Macbeth is known to be one of Shakespeare’s darkest and also most powerful tragedies written. In Act 3 Scene 4 Macbeth has finally found his way to the throne and throws his first social gathering as king. Macbeth needs this banquet to be nothing other than perfect, and when it ends up being absolutely horrid, Shakespeare incorporates a large sense of dramatic tension into the play that keeps the audience on complete suspense through the imagery, supernatural theme, and the confusion and chaos between Macbeth’s alter egos. One of the most prominent themes in Macbeth is the theme of ambition. Once the weird sisters stick an idea in his mind, Macbeth is so determined to get his way to the throne that he’s willing to do just about anything to get there. Originally a man with morals and integrity learns that he has to compromise his own principles in order to get what he wants. We will write a custom essay sample on What Techniques Does Shakespeare Use to Create Dramatic Tension in This Scene? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This ends up driving him mad, and in a way becomes stuck in an identity crisis. This results in him having many alternate egos, and these are all frequently switched, which adds to the dramatic irony of the scene. The brave, righteous, and noble king Macbeth opens the scene by welcoming his guests to his dinner party. Shortly after, the first murderer enters and he switches from toasting his guests to telling the murder that â€Å"there’s blood upon (his) face† and questioning if Banquo and Fleance are â€Å"dispatch’d. † Once he learns that Fleance has escaped, he sees that his plans have failed and his lack of success bring him unhappiness, guilt and blame. This is shown when he rebuts to Fleance’s escape, â€Å"Then comes my fit again: I had else been perfect; Whole as the marble, founded as the rock. Macbeth shows that he associates his own success, power, and health all together and with perfection. When he’s in control he is sane, but when he feels as he’s starting to lose grip he loses his own sanity and becomes mentally unstable due to his own paranoia. These sudden mood changes in Macbeth show instability and confuse the audience creat ing an unpredictable atmosphere; no one knows what his next move will be. Once he shows a bit of insanity he confuses the audience even more as he begins to hallucinate Banquo’s ghost. Macbeth automatically assumes the ghost is real, and that he again failed his duties. He is so afraid of losing the power that he’s so far gained that he would rather fight â€Å"the rugged Russian bear. † This shows that Macbeth is totally out of his mind and irrational, and creates confusion in Macbeth’s audience in the play and the audience watching. One sees that he’s hallucinating the supernatural, but the audience at his banquet doesn’t. This dramatic irony adds even more to the tension in the scene as one knows that Macbeth is going mad, and the reason as to why, however those in the play do not. Lennox tells Macbeth that he has a place reserved, but questions â€Å"Where? † when he sees Banquo in the place that is meant to be his. The idea of him truly taking over the position that Banquo is meant to have adds to the tension of the play because one sees through Macbeth’s actions and his guilt. In Shakespearean times, not only as the current King James of Scotland very interested in the supernatural but so was the general public. Shakespeare incorporated a large degree of supernatural all throughout Macbeth, which had the effect of really gaining the attention of the audience. This definitely helped add to the dramatic tension in the play, because the supernatural is something that everyone is uncomfortable with and easily can add suspense, and also represents Macbeth’s downfall and how he’s beginning to unravel. Macbeth continually beings to hallucinate, making him fear his own downfall but also begin to feel the repercussions of his actions and how he is about to consequently pay for his actions. The witches corrupt his mind. The supernatural witches create dramatic tension throughout the whole play, and their effects on Macbeth also create dramatic tension as one sees the manipulation that they have on him. One firstly sees the supernatural through Banquo’s ghost through whom one sees guilt and punishment for Macbeth’s actions and failure. Macbeth shows the audience that nature is what is in complete control over the plot, adding to the suspenseful and unpredictable outcome. One can interpret â€Å"Blood will have blood† as Macbeth’s prediction of his own afterlife. Macbeth has compromised his after life for his temporary mortal success, and he begins to see that he’s been challenged with a trade of between his integrity and future. The ghost or â€Å"horrible shadow† represents to one what is real in Macbeth’s life now- darkness. Such foreshadowing events create suspense amongst the audience, who awaits his fait. Shakespeare largely incorporates sensory imagery into his play writing, which heightens the tension in the scene. The fact that this all at a â€Å"banquet† which has connotations of being fancy, proper, and elegant creates complete tension for the audience at the beginning when something that is meant to be so conventional turns into something so chaotic and dramatic. This shows guests that Macbeth isn’t the brave leader that he portrays himself to be, and though power may seem wonderful it sometimes can turn someone mad. The imagery in the scene portrays chaos and what the guests are experiencing much to Macbeth’s dismay. Hallucinations and the fight against nature represent chaos and embellish the idea of tension and a lack of control on Macbeth’s part. Shakespeare tries to emphasize the relationship between humanity and nature through this. One learns through Shakespeare’s imagery and description of nature that one’s fate is beyond control. Shakespeare personifies nature in synchronization with the plot. For example, he says, â€Å"Stones have been known to move and trees to speak. † This not only emphasizes the supernatural, but also shows how nature reacts to the actions of Macbeth, and forebodes the future. As previously stated, nature predicts Macbeth’s downfall and the continual use of blood imagery shows us just that. One sees that his fate begins to spiral down, and Macbeth acknowledges this. He sees that he’s so far in this mess that he has created for himself that its impossible to get out; getting out of the situation he has gotten himself into will be just as difficult as it was getting himself in. This is evident when he says â€Å"I am in blood Stepp’d in so far that should I wade no more, returning as tedious as go o’er. † Macbeth is truly a â€Å"man of blood† due to his traitor characteristics he has developed. Though his actions detach sympathy between the audience and the character, the audience still becomes intrigued by the fate of the tragic hero Macbeth. Shakespeare successfully creates a suspenseful mood for his viewers that adds a lot of tension in the play through his use of the supernatural, the confusion in the audience in regards to Macbeth’s conflicting personality, and the imagery that the audience is left to develop. One learns that not even the most powerful human can control fate; more powerful forces beyond mortality control such a plot, which creates an unpredictable twist to the tragic story of Macbeth. Word Count: 1277 Works Cited: Shakespeare, William, and Roma Gill. Macbeth. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. Print.

Young People and Sports free essay sample

A leading group of American doctors is warning against forcing young people to become skilled in a single sport. It says young people who play just one sport face additional physical or other demands from intense training and competition. It says children involved in sports should be urged to take part in different activities and develop many skills. 2. A committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics prepared the policy statement. It was published this month in the groups medical magazine, Pediatrics. 3. The doctors note that more and more children are skilled in one sport at an early age. There are many media reports of young competitors in sports such as gymnastics, figure skating and tennis. 4. Some of the most famous athletes first became active in a sport when they were five years old. A few started even earlier. The committee noted that the successes of young athletes can be a powerful influence for others to follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Young People and Sports or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It says children wishing to compete at a high level require training that could be considered extreme even for adults. It says the necessary desire and intensity of training raise many concerns about the safety of high-level athletic activity for any young person. 5. The Academy says the health effects of intense training in young athletes need to be fully investigated. Risks to young athletes include injuries, delayed menstruation, eating disorders and emotional stress. 6. The committee of doctors offered some suggestions. It urged children to become involved in sports at levels that meet their abilities and interests. It said doctors should work with parents to make sure that someone knowledgeable is training the child athlete. That person should know correct methods of training, equipment and the physical and emotional health of young competitors. 7. The group said doctors should supervise the condition of child athletes involved in intense training. It said doctors and trainers should work to prevent injuries that result from too much physical activity. Doctors should make sure the children eat a healthy, balanced diet. And doctors should watch for signs of too much training, including weight loss and sleep problems.

How to Find Argumentative Essay Sample High School Students

How to Find Argumentative Essay Sample High School StudentsIf you are preparing a persuasive essay for your own high school writing project, an argumentative essay sample can be very helpful. However, if you have no idea where to find one, this article will outline the process of how to go about finding one.First, you need to pick a resource. Of course, it is not easy to do that since there are so many resources out there. In order to narrow down your choices, you need to consider the types of arguments you want to include in your essay.Argumentative essays for persuasive essays are based on two main ideas. The first idea is based on a principle that says humans only have one life to live. So, even if something bad happens, the bad thing can be overcome by the good and they go on to live a better life. The second idea is that people can be driven by both external factors like a crisis or a disaster, and by internal factors such as their desires and strengths.If you are writing a pers uasive essay for high school students, you should incorporate both ideas. You can choose to focus on these two things or you can write the entire essay based on one idea. Either way, you should give emphasis to the idea that human beings are born with one life to live.The first idea that you need to include in your essay is a brief introductory paragraph that states the idea. Once you give emphasis to the idea, you can start by focusing on explaining the premise. Briefly state the hypothesis. After that, you can explain how the premise can be proven.The best way to do this is to prove a statement using examples from everyday life and people's experiences. For example, you can mention examples of teenagers who are in trouble for theft, vandalism, or drugs. Once you have mentioned the examples, you can introduce a brief vignette. This is an anecdote that demonstrates how the premise can be proven. You can use this vignette as a proof that the premise is true.Establishing the premise i s not enough. You also need to know why the premise is true. There are many ways to do this, but in my opinion, you can do it by quoting from famous writers, such as Winston Churchill or George Orwell.You should also explain what the conclusion will be in your essay. You should include a conclusion in the conclusion section of your essay. Once you finish the conclusion, you should also explain what you will say in the body of your essay.

War of 1812 Pointless Essay Example For Students

War of 1812 Pointless? Essay The War of 1812 proved to be the most serious challenge to face the United States since the countrys birth. This Second war of Independence perhaps changed American history as we know it though. This essay will discuss the causes for this war assessing whether there actually were valid reasons for the United States and Britain going to war or whether the whole 1812 war was just born out of pointless aggression The war of 1812 was a very unnecessary war. It broke out just as one of its chief causes (The Orders in Council) was removed and its greatest battle (New Orleans) was fought just after peace was signed. The war was unnecessary from a British point of view but for the Americans it was inescapable. The Royal Navy had kidnapped 3,800 American sailors and pressed them into service. The Orders In Council had deprived the United States of a profitable trade with France and can be seen as having ruthlessly subordinated American economic interests to the political interests of the British Empire. We will write a custom essay on War of 1812 Pointless? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now American farmers also blamed the orders, perhaps unfairly, for a fall in agricultural prices that produced a depression in the West in the years immediately before the war. On the frontier it was universally believed that Indian restlessness war stirred up by British agents although really American oppression has to be seen as a big cause of this too. Americas war with Britain seemed inevitable although the Americans did everything they decently could to avoid it, although there seemed to be endless provocation by Britain, for example in 1807 when a British frigate, the leopard opened fire on an American frigate the Chesapeake. The choice before America, Jefferson the former president and his successor Madison agreed was war or submission to fight or to undo one of the main achievements of the revolution and accept total defeat in international affairs to England. As John Quincy Adams put it It was not a matter of dollars and cents, no alternative was left but war or the abandonment of our right as an independent nation The offences committed against the United States were the major provocations for the war, reasons other then vindication can be regarded as rationalisation. There was an obvious anger for what British had done to America and many Americans merely wanted revenge but the war was fought for much more then that. The radical expansionism and the belief that Canada would inevitably be annexed to the United States also has to be a major cause for America going to war. Another primary cause of the war was the rise of Tecumseh the Indian chief who was believed to be backed by the British. This caused an urgency for the Americans to expel the British from Canada. The War Hawks, the congress at the time of Madisons presidency, were pushing for the invasion of Canada and an attack upon the Savages who had been tormenting homes on the frontier. Madison never really expected or desired the annexation of Canada and neither did his colleague Monroe (Secretary of State) A compromise with Britain would have been very difficult due to the increasing sectionalism in America. It might have been true as George Washington had said in his farewell address that East, West, North and South had more in common then points of difference but since the long Napoleonic wars which had been fought and there repercussions for America the differences seemed to mount rapidly. New England had virtually everything in common with British Maritime interests but the further South and West you travelled the more opinion leaders you found who wanted a war with Britain as the road to expansion. It was these Southern and Western states that formed part of Madisons constituency and had elected him in 1808 and when he was elected again in 1812, therefore Madison was very dependent on these states much more so than the Northern New England states. The opinions of these Southern and Western states reflected the ideas of Henry Clay, the leader of the War hawks, who himself was from Kentucky a Western state. The war hawks desire for land, Canadian or Indian, fear of a British backed Indian conspiracy, concern over the declining prices of agriculture products and the restrictions of markets abroad have all believed to have been basic cause of the war. .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 , .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .postImageUrl , .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 , .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:hover , .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:visited , .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:active { border:0!important; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:active , .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: -The Lotos-Eaters By Tennyson Essay When asked about his reasoning for the push for war, Henry Clay would answer What are we to gain by peace ? His rationalisations had to do with a mentality that they would lose their countrys character, commerce and nations best treasure if they didnt go to war. He believed that what they had to gain was reduced revenue to nearly ten million dollars. Clay could also not ignore the impressment of American sailors by British fleets, this was another driving force. Henry Clay assumed a leading role in the war against Britain. He then affected President Madisons decision about the war and more or less pushed madison from being indifferent to declaring war. Clay saw the British as an intrusive and unwanted force that was trampling on the feet and violating the rights of his countrymen. The Treaty Of Ghent which was signed in December 1814 ended a war which by now both sides were silently admitting should never have started. The treaty though proved to be a great act of statesmanship. After the signing Adams remarked to one of the English delegates I hope this will be the last treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States And it was. The very fact that both sides withdrew to their prewar positions, that neither could describe the war as a success or a defeat, and that the terms could not be presented, then or later, as a triumph or a robbery all worked for permanency and helped to erase from the national memory of both countries a struggle which had been bitter enough at the time. The absence of any recrimination too meant that the treaty could serve as a basis on which to build a friendly, common sense relationship between two English speaking peoples. The statement that the war of 1812 was born purely out of a Pointless aggression is true to an extent. In the build up to the1812 war Britain seemed to provoke the United States through every means possible exploiting there own position. The United States did try to avoid a war with Britain but they saw how a war could fulfil there own ambitions and so used the war to pursue there own objectives which were increasing the size of the United States whilst reinforcing the economy through trade. The fact was though that neither side managed to achieve there pre-war ambitions and when the Treaty of Ghent was signed all actual issues of the war were dropped and both sides agreed to just stop fighting. The war of 1812 had such a great effect on the United States that it is sometimes referred to as The Second War Of Independence. This did not refer to Great Britain attempting to gain control of the United States, instead, it marked the end of the United States dependence on Europe. Great Britain fully accepted American independence. 1815 was marked as a turning point. Before, American foreign relations were conditioned by the shifting power structure and the almost continuous wars in Europe. After the year 1815, the United States could choose war or peace according to its interests.

Macbeth Guilt Essays - Characters In Macbeth, English-language Films

Macbeth Guilt This was an oral presentation, in which I prosecuted Macbeth. I received a grade of A-, however was told that it was my actual presentation rather than my essay that stopped me getting a higher grade :) Ladies and Gentlemen, I will be brief. You have heard the testimonies and seen the evidence; it is now time for the fate of Macbeth to be decided. Today you have met scores of witnesses testify, under oath, the defendant's entirely good and honest character, and have pondered as to how the King of Scotland could commit such atrocities. However, unmistakable evidence opposes such testimonies and proves beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant Macbeth killed his King, Duncan the II of Scotland, his life-long friend Banquo and Lady Macduff and her children. Over the last six months we have seen Macbeth degrade from a fearless and heroic warrior to a murderer, a conscious villain who felt extreme guilt after killing his King out of pure greed and ambition. His servant, as testified, overheard Macbeth express his guilt to his wife on the night of the murder: "I am afraid to think what I have done; Look on ?t again I dare not." Following his crowning at Scone, King Macbeth hired three assassins to murder his long-time friend Banquo, in order to protect his crown. It was after the murder of Banquo that Macbeth then turned into an unmerciful, non-repentant tyrant. This man, once heralded a hero, became the bane of Scotland and his people. The defense has tried to manipulate facts to persuade you that Macbeth is not to blame for these murders and has placed responsibility for these deaths on everyone from Lady Macbeth to the witches, who occasionally conversed with the accused. You have heard testimonies of the three witches, who told us of their encounters with Macbeth. What sort of man would associate with such evil beings, and most of all, believe the nonsense they foresee? The witches did not directly influence Macbeth to assassinate his King, they only speculated as to what the future may hold and these predictions ignited his overwhelming ambition to become King. These associations with the witches bring serious doubts to the goodness of the defendant's character. Speculations that Lady Macbeth is responsible for Duncan's murder have been made by the defense. But blood found on this cloak hidden in Macbeth's quarters proves without doubt that it was Macbeth who actually committed the murder. He is ultimately to blame. The accusations made by Macbeth's lawyers that Lady Macbeth pressured her husband to assassinate Duncan are irrelevant. It is unthinkable that such a brave and valiant soldier could be so weak as to be influenced by his wife to commit murder, unless he had already considered doing it, or had something to gain from the death of Duncan, such as the throne of Scotland. The defense has tried to convince you that Macbeth was insane at the time of King Duncan's murder. If he were not sane, would he have been seen as such a well-loved and courageous soldier? Would he have been so respected by his King to be honoured with the title of Thane of Cawdor, had he been ill at mind? These notions themselves are insane! Macbeth was sane and rational at the time of the murder! ...Yes, Macbeth did show signs of derangement a week after the murder at the banquet, as testified by Ross, who attended the feast and described to you the accused's strange behaviour. Could an innocent man be driven mad over a period of a week? It was his conscience, my friends, which drove him insane! After the pre-meditated murders of Duncan and Banquo, the pressures of being King, and the mounting guilt of the murders he had committed, were increasing. Overheard by his servant, Macbeth said to his wife "I am in blood, Stepp'd in so far..." The outlet for his rage was Lady Macduff and her family. This pointless, and motiveless, massacre shows the cruelty and immorality that has become a part of Macbeth. He did not stand to gain anything from the deaths of these innocent people. No longer was he the honoured soldier, or the compassionate King, but the brutal tyrant. We must stop making excuses for this cold-hearted man. He was not influenced by his wife or witchcraft. He was sane when he brutally murdered his King. He was influenced only by his ambition and greed to become King; he was influenced by his selfishness and hunger for power.

Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield (Worked Problem)

Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield (Worked Problem) The limiting reactant of a reaction is the reactant that would run out first if all the reactants were to be reacted together. Once the limiting reactant is completely consumed, the reaction would cease to progress. The theoretic yield of a reaction is the amount of products produced when the limiting reactant runs out. This worked example chemistry problem shows how to determine the limiting reactant and calculate the theoretical yield of a chemical reaction. Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield Problem You are given the following reaction: 2 H2(g) O2(g) → 2 H2O(l) Calculate: a. the stoichiometric ratio of moles H2 to moles O2b. the actual moles H2 to moles O2 when 1.50 mol H2 is mixed with 1.00 mol O2c. the limiting reactant (H2 or O2) for the mixture in part (b)d. the theoretical yield, in moles, of H2O for the mixture in part (b) Solution a. The stoichiometric ratio is given by using the coefficients of the balanced equation. The coefficients are the numbers listed before each formula. This equation is already balanced, so refer to the tutorial on balancing equations if you need further help: 2 mol H2 / mol O2 b. The actual ratio refers to the number of moles actually provided for the reaction. This may or may not be the same as the stoichiometric ratio. In this case, it is different: 1.50 mol H2 / 1.00 mol O2 1.50 mol H2 / mol O2 c. Note that the actual ratio of smaller than the required or stoichiometric ratio, which means there is insufficient H2 to react with all of the O2 that has been provided. The insufficient component (H2) is the limiting reactant. Another way to put it is to say that O2 is in excess. When the reaction has proceeded to completion, all of the H2 will have been consumed, leaving some O2 and the product, H2O. d. Theoretical yield is based on the calculation using the amount of limiting reactant, 1.50 mol H2. Given that 2 mol H2 forms 2 mol H2O, we get: theoretical yield H2O 1.50 mol H2 x 2 mol H2O / 2 mol H2 theoretical yield H2O 1.50 mol H2O Note that the only requirement for performing this calculation is knowing the amount of the limiting reactant and the ratio of the amount of limiting reactant to the amount of product. Answers a. 2 mol H2 / mol O2b. 1.50 mol H2 / mol O2c. H2d. 1.50 mol H2O Tips for Working This Type of Problem The most important point to remember is that you are dealing with the molar ratio between the reactants and products. If you are given a value in grams, you need to convert it to moles. If youre asked to supply a number in grams, you convert back from the moles used in the calculation.The limiting reactant isnt automatically the one with the smallest number of moles. For example, say you have 1.0 moles of hydrogen and 0.9 moles of oxygen in the reaction to make water. If you didnt look at the stoichiometric ratio between the reactants, you might choose oxygen as the limiting reactant, yet hydrogen and oxygen react in a 2:1 ratio, so youd actually expend the hydrogen much sooner than youd use up the oxygen.When youre asked to give quantities, watch the number of significant figures. They always matter in chemistry!